The Grapes of Wrath: No One Man, But One Common Soul :: Grapes Wrath essays

The Grapes of Wrath: No One Man, But One Common Soul         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many writers in American literature try to instill the philosophy of their choosing into their reader.   This is often a philosophy derived at from their own personal experiences.   John Steinbeck is no exception to this.   When traveling through his native Californian in the mid-1930s, Steinbeck witnessed people living in appalling conditions of extreme poverty due to the Great Depression and the agricultural disaster known as the Dust Bowl.   He noticed that these people received no aid whatsoever from neither the state of California nor the federal government.   The rage he experienced from seeing such treatment fueled his novel The Grapes of Wrath.   Steinbeck sought to change the suffering plight of these farmers who had migrated from the midwest to California.   Also, and more importantly, he wanted to suggest a philosophy into the reader, and insure that this suffering would never occur again (Critical 1).   Steinbeck shows in The Grapes of Wrath that there is no one man, but one common soul in which we all belong to.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The subject of Steinbeck's fiction is not the most thoughtful, imaginative, and constructive aspects of humanity, but rather the process of life itself (Wilson 785).   Steinbeck has been compared to a twentieth century Charles Dickens of California; a social critic with more sentiment than science or system.   His writing is warm, human, inconsistent, occasionally angry, but more often delighted with the joys associated with human life on its lowest levels (Holman 20).   This biological image of man creates techniques and aspects of form capable of conveying this image of man with esthetic power and conviction; the power to overcome adversity through collectiveness, or in this case, as one combined soul(Curley 224).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steinbeck's basic purpose of the novel is essentially religious, but not in any orthodox sense of the word.   He is religious in that he contemplates man's relation to the cosmos and attempts to transcend scientific explanations based on sense experience.   He is also religious in that he explicitly attests the holiness of nature (Curley 220).   A common fear during the nineteenth century was one of this naturalism leading to the end of reverence, worship, and sentiment.   Steinbeck, however, is the first significant author to build his own set of beliefs, which some would refer to as a â€Å"religion,† upon a naturalistic basis.   Because of his â€Å" religious† style on a naturalistic basis, he is able to relate man with a natural soul that they own, and combine them into a grouping of a larger, more important soul (220).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America and American literature was founded on the spirit of

Coca Cola’s Water Neutrality Initiative

Coca-Cola’s Water Neutrality Initiative 1. The public issue that the Coca-Cola Company was facing is this case was its impact on its water use in local communities. The company was depleting local water reserves and introducing dangerous levels of pesticides in its products in and around its global plants. I feel that the nonmarket stakeholders were the ones most concerned by this public issue in the beginning. The global leaders (government) understood that the depletion of the world’s water resources could have a profound effect on the world in the near future.The water shortage also had an effect on the rise in food prices, regional conflicts, and disease. This in turn caused concern in another nonmarket group the general public. The general public are on the front lines in these circumstances, especially in third world countries where there is little corporate regulation and law. Because Coca-Cola is a World Wide conglomerate the global leaders and the general publi c expect the company to lead the way in terms of corporate social responsibility.I feel that in the beginning of this issue that Coca-Cola was primarily interested in facilitating the needs of their market shareholders. However once the global leaders and general public began to take notice they soon began to sway their views in terms of more efficient and effective methods to resolve their water issues to satisfy both the market shareholders and the nonmarket shareholders. 2. I feel that the geophysical environment and the political environment are the two strategic radar screens that stand out in this particular case.The physical environment affects the behavior and development of the people, both children and adults, who live and work in it. The quality of the physical space and materials provided affects the level of involvement of the children and the quality of interaction between adults and children. Coca-Cola definitely had disrupted the water resources of the local communit ies where they conduct their packaging and manufacturing.The TCCC managers should be concerned with these public issues and increase their environmental intelligence. The political environment is the other strategic radar screen that stands out to me. Differences in laws and policies from one regional government to another can mean that doing business can be easy in one part of a country and a nightmare in another. It may even be advisable for the TCCC to relocate all or part of its business operations to eliminate the negative effects of political hostility.This falls under the TCCC’s strategic management ability to institute some type of issue management to correct the water problems they face. 3. Issue management involves anticipating trends, responding to challenging events, engaging critical stakeholders; managers are responsible for managing strategic matters that affecting their organization. In the life cycle of any project, there will almost always be unexpected prob lems and questions that arise. Most issues are, by their nature, unexpected, managers need to deal with them quickly and effectively.The first thing that TCCC must do in the management life cycle process is determine the issue or event (internal/external), that if it continues will have a significant effect on the functioning or performance of their organization or on its future interest or what is causing a gap between their corporate practices and stakeholder expectations. Next management needs to analyze the issue by seeing if these gaps lead to a contestable point of difference, the resolution of which can have important consequences for their organization.Next management should frame the issue, specify decision factors, identify environmental forces by scanning and monitoring, develop alternate scenarios, and decide implications or recommend actions. Taking action is the next step in the issue management life cycle process. Barriers to effective issues management are the lack o f clear objectives, and unwillingness or inability to act Issues management is a process with achieved results. The scanning, monitoring, prioritization and strategic decision-making steps have no value unless action is taken toward achieving specific and measurable objectives.Finally, is the evaluation process of the management life cycle. Clear and measureable objectives need to be set and defined. The TCCC management needs to find the tools that best fit the set objectives. Tools such as surveys and interviews, as well as behavioral measures such as purchasing decisions, may all be necessary to evaluate the objectives laid out for the plan to succeed. I can definitely identify that TCCC has identified the issue of poor water conservation.It also appears to me that TCCC has begun to analyze and generate options with regard to their water issues. Finally TCCC has begun to take action to reduce their wasted water numbers and reverse the cycle of waste. The only step in the process n ot clearly cover I feel would be the evaluation process of how well the program faired. 4. The Coca-Cola Company used the reports from the Center for Science and the Environment and the analysis from the secretary general of the United Nations identify the issues they were facing with their treatment of water.TCCC used environmental intelligence to develop issues on their strategic radar screen. Once TCCC managers followed and assessed these eight different environments they identified their public issues and gaps between society’s expectations and their own practices. TCCC then used the issue management life cycle process to analyze the issue, generate options, and take action to prevent and correct the issues they identified. I feel the biggest benefit to the company was a more efficient and effective method of bottling and manufacturing the products.TCCC also provide their customers with a positive corporate social responsibility. Seeing the error of their ways was the fir st step need to improve their image. TCCC went the extra mile and acted on their findings and developed a new and innovative solution to a problem that affected the communities that support their bottom line. 5. I feel based on the information in the case study the TCCC did respond in an appropriate manner to the water waste issue.Any time a corporation can curve their waste (especially on this scale) they are excepting responsibility for their success through the communities they depend on. In most cases the corporation not only improves their social image, they also save money and costs through innovative techniques and technology development. I feel that there needs to be equilibrium for corporations between maximizing profits and duty to social responsibility. Works Cited Lawrence, A. T. , & James, W. (2011). Business and Society . New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin .

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a type of a mental disease characterized by prolonged personality function failure, variability and disturbance of moods. Ultimately, it leads one to unstable and chaotic interpersonal relationships, behavior, identity, and self image. The proceeding results are periods of dissociation and isolation. When one is disturbed this way, he or she may develop pervasive negativity within the facets of life psychologically. Difficult in developing and maintaining work, social settings and home relationships are experienced.When the victims are not given the effective therapy and proper care, complete or attempted suicides are possible outcomes (Kantor, 1993, pp. 135). Current research on this disorder has revealed the specific symptoms that can help one establish early signs of the disease. The first recognitive experience of this disease is a turmoil relationship that takes a hate-love track as time goes by. After perceived slight misunderstandings, victims of this disorder furiously and immediately drop their friends.The victims have a general difficult in agreeing on gray areas with the other people they interact with (Lachkar, 2004, pp. 23). Current research from Britain encyclopedia has come up with a wide range of the factors that may lead to this disorder. The causes are said to be complex and diverse. They include child sexual abuse or childhood trauma, brain abnormalities, environmental factors, neurobiological factors and genetic predisposition. The disease itself is mental but the repercussions mostly rest and affect social behavior of the concerned.The affected spends most of the time mentally alternating between extremes of devaluation and idealization. The perceived identity disturbance is generated because of the psychological unrest in evaluating ones sense of self and self image. In the process of finding a solution to these encounters, impulsive thought that are far much self damaging come in mind. They may inc lude reckless driving, substance abuse, binge eating, eating disorders, promiscuous and unprotected sex (Lubbe, 2000, pp. 450). At individual level, suicidal threats, gestures and behavior are experienced.This may also be coupled with behaviors that are self mutilating including excoriation or interfering with body scars that may be healing, cutting or picking at oneself. Due to affective instability, moods can be marked by high reactivity such as irritability, dysphoria, and intense episodic or sometimes high anxiety. Chronic feelings such as worthlessness and emptiness, frequent displays of recurrent physical fights, constant anger and temper, dissociate symptoms, delusions, paranoid ideation and transient stress are symptoms that indicate prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (Lachkar, 2004, pp.24). The Chinese society of psychiatry has carried out an extensive study on the diagnostic paths in handling this mental illness. The diagnosisitnvolves the so called mood swings. Mood swings describes reactivity of mood and marked liability which can be defined as emotional dysregulation. It is a reaction of the victim to external intrapsychic and psychosocial stressors which is believed to subside or arise with time. The above medical research body has come up with several areas of concentration in the attempts to curb the prevalence of the disease globally (Muller, 1994, pp. 87).The approach in treating the disorder has ranged from socialization programs to medication programs. The medical section has given a prior attention to hospitalization, medications and psychotherapy interventions. After carrying out the research, the core treatment of the disorder is psychotherapy. The two mainly used and effective disorders are Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). It is an approach that applies high skills in teaching the regulation techniques of ones relationships, emotions and tolerating distress. It can be a face to face or phone counseling which can be done at individual level or through a group consultation.The second type of psychotherapy is the Transference Focused Psychotherapy (TFP). This kind of approach concentrates on the relationship between the victim of emotions and the therapist. It helps in understanding the challenges that may come along with social interactions and how to deal with the difficulties. These researchers have identified that medications can not adequately cure this disorder. They can only treat the problems that are associated with the disorder. It can approach and counter situations like anxiety, impulsitivity and depression.These medications include anti anxiety medications, antipsychotic and antidepressant. The hospitalization program is usually designed to keep the victim safe from self injury. Consultation of mental health providers gives the directions and precautions to undertake in containing the disease (Muller, 1994. pp. 87). The world health organization has also involved itself in the search for co ntingency measures in handling of the above disorder. It has proposed and enhanced group based psychological services. These programs motivate people to engage, participate and encourage group and solitary activities.It has thus developed therapeutic communities in Europe, that have led the campaigns towards treatment or lowering of the severity associated with this personality disorder. These communities focus on future prevention of the disease, handle the current victims and extend their material assistance to these individuals. The mission of these research organizations is to provide improved psychiatric rehabilitation services. The rehabilitation is achieved through encouraging engagement in meaningful activities and avoiding of social exclusion and stigmatic endeavors.The world organization also provides mutual support and promotes co-counseling groups all over the world to prevent unexpected and harmful spread of the disorder. The victim can get involved in alternative medic inal techniques. Doing exercises and ensuring physical fitness can be improved by including team sports and occupational therapy techniques. Engaging in a sort of employment encourages the spirit of self efficacy, competence and having a social role and obligation to perform in the society. This in turn promotes self esteem (McCallum, 2001, pp.234). This body has also provided antidepressants called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor that has been presented in randomized and controlled trials around the world. It has been reported to improve attendant symptoms related to depression, anxiety, hostility and anger. A higher dose of the above depressant is required in the treatment of mood disorders in comparison with depression. The benefits of this depressant are realized within a period of three months in treating mood disorders and a period of six weeks if it is made to treat depression.Mentalization based treatments assumes that victims of this disorder experience attachment di sturbance because of parent child relations in the early childhood stages. Lack of enough early child attunement and mirroring by parents can result to the child’s mentalization deficiency. This lowers the capacity of such child to attach some kind of correlation between the mental state and the potential causing action. Under normal conditions, there must exist some kind of relatedness between the driving force towards an action and the state of the mind.Studies have attached the perceived mental failure in this disorder to problematic impulse control and instability in moods (Acocella, 1999, pp. 108). Mentalization oriented treatments highly and frequently employ psycho dynamically informed multimodal treatment criterion in the process of ensuring a sustained capacity of self regulation of the patient. This criterion goes ahead to incorporate both individual psychotherapy and group psychotherapy in an outpatient context, partial hospitalization or therapeutic community.Comb ination of these medical and non medical elements helps to reduce the emotional states which are closely associated with Borderline Personality Disorder. The categories of the disorders include feelings of victimization, feeling of lack of identity or fragmentation, feeling of self destructiveness and extreme need for isolation. When these people are completely attacked by the disorder they become hyper alert to signals of rejection, less or no valuation, insecurity, ambivalence, avoidance and demonstration of fearful preoccupation in relationship patterns.All these issues are encountered in the process of novelty seeking or intimacy seeking of the patients (Livesley, 2003, pp. 90). Cultural, age and gender considerations of the disorder Several studies upon the relatedness of this disorder to gender aspects or differences have been done. It is an area that has raised a lot of controversies and critics in the attempt of justifying the perspective that this disorder dominates in fema le gender as compared to the males.It has thus received a very high feministic criticism. A group of scholars believe that patients of this disorder have a history of abuse in lines to do with sex during their early childhood. This ideology argues that girls are more exposed to the danger of sexual abuse compared to boys, definitely and inevitably justifying that the disease is common among ladies. On the other hand, women who have survived childhood sexual abuse perceive traumatization when interacting with abusive mental health services.This happens because of the fact that Borderline Personality Disorder is a diagnosis full of traumatization and thus it evokes negative or abusive responses and answers from mental health providers. To acknowledge the abuse of sex inflicted on these women, several feminist thinkers have suggested that it is better to use diagnosis of post traumatic disorder for this class of women. This medication is however made to medicalize the disorder but it d oes not handle the root cause of the problem within the society (Acocella, 1999, pp.180). Clinical officers respond differently to similar complains or symptoms, depending on whether it originates from a woman or a man. For example if both sexes report cases of angriness and other promiscuous behaviors a man is likely to be diagnosed by use of Antisocial Personality Disorder whereas a woman will be diagnosed with Borderline Personal Disorder. If a woman portrays manhood characteristics such as hostility, success or sexual activity, she is entitled to a diagnosis of personality disorder.If on the other hand the woman shows psychiatric symptoms that conform not to the sick role considered traditionally passive, she is likely to be labeled and considered as a difficult patient. This situation leads to the patient receiving the stigmatizing diagnosis of the borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder seemingly is associated with urban settings and low economic and s ocial status. Diagnosis of this disease may at times be applied to the wrong group of persons or individuals.In some areas engagement in some behaviors is perceived as a protective approach or a presumed survival strategy. In making diagnosis analysis, it is of great importance for the clinician involved to consider the economic and social context in which the perceived emotional difficult occurred. Diagnosis of this disorder should not be performed before the age of eighteen years. This is because some observations made at early ages are associated with childhood. After this age, any symptoms can be diagnosed because every sense of maturity s assumed upon an individual (McCallum, 2001, pp. 234).Many sample based studies in the world have shown that the prevalence of this disorder in males is 1% and 3% in females. The origin of the individuals used in the sample has also contributed to variations in the study’s results, depending on the surrounding social and economic scenari os. Urban settings have indicated a percentage of 30% prevalence compared to 3% found in rural areas. This state has prevailed in many nations because urban settings are subjected to many social evils and crimes that highly contribute to emotional reactions. Substance abuses are believed to be highest in towns and cities.This disorder does not have a well defined course in ones life. It is however believed through experimentations and research activities that it disappears as one gets older and older. It has been observed to disappear in the fourth decade of life cycle. The remission of this disorder is not however automatic but depends on the frequency of engaging in criminal activities or activities that can interfere negatively with ones psychological and emotional state. There is a natural impact that forces one to reduce the spectrum of behaviors such as substance abuse (McCallum, 2001, pp.234). Future considerations of the disorder The future diagnosis of this disorder require s an improvement and a further consideration of emotional difficulties to avoid misconceptions. This is because many reports have been produced where this disorder is persistently misdiagnosed. If this problem is not properly handled, it may lead to marked distress. This also promotes impairment in occupational, role functional and social obligations of the patients. When diagnostic results are released, the patient simply believes in the results without any doubt.Any diagnosis whether true or not is very much impactive on the emotional state of the patient. The patient will therefore adapt the living styles of fellow partners who are suffering from the disorder. Any further research on this work should be in position to offer updated synthesis which concretely incorporates rational clinical attention and current scientific knowledge. It should comprehensively reconstruct the minds of patients for it to serve as a vital caveat utilizing the treatment recommendations with appreciatio ns and not view them as limiting to their ambitions in life.The nature of supportive advance should determine the treatment recommendations. These recommendations should be keyed with respect to confidence level provided by coded evidence (Acocella, 1999, pp. 108). In the future, researchers should not only concentrate on the medication issues but also pay attention to the socialization programs that can be adopted to prevent and at the same time help to cure who are suffering from the disorder. Emotional complications can not occur when the social atmosphere is not disturbed.Borderline disorder is sensitive to the environmental state. It is just a psychological response or reaction towards an emotional embarrassment from a certain source. If sexual abuse among children at early childhood is minimized or stopped, the rate at which the disorder is spreading can be cut down to lower ends. Therefore, programs should be launched to encourage the public through sensitization programs to take a personal initiative, aimed at a collective goal, a counter reaction towards Borderline Personality Disorder (Livesley, 2003, pp. 90). Reference: Acocella Joan, 1999. Creating Hysteria: Women and Multiple Personality Disorder. London, Jossey-Bass publishers, pp. 108. Kantor Martin, 1993. A Guide to Avoidance and Avoidant Personality Disorder. Mahwah, NJ, Praeger publishers, pp. 135. Lachkar Joan, 2004. The Narcissistic/ Borderline Couple: New Approaches to Marital Therapy. London, Brunner-Routledge, pp. 23, 25. Livesley John, 2003. Practical Management of Personality Disorder. London, Guilford Press, pp. 90. Lubbe Trevor, 2000. The Borderline Psychotic Child: A Selective Integration. London, Routledge, pp. 450. McCallum David, 2001. Personality and Dangerousness: Genealogies of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Cambridge University Press, pp. 234. Muller Ryse, 1994. Anatomy of a Splitting Borderline: Description and Analysis of a case History, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 87.

Free Essays on Homelessness

When many people think of homelessness they think that the homeless are a group of crazy bums, drunks and people that are too lazy to work, as did one of our presidents Ronald Reagan. Yet if we think about it, not all homeless people fall into these categories. There are many reasons people become homeless. People become homeless due to job loss, generally without hope for future employment, inability to recover from low paying jobs, natural disasters and/or illness. Other reasons people become homeless are of mental illness, drug and alcohol addiction. Even though one-third of the homeless population is mentally ill, and this is a great number, it doesn’t mean that all homeless are mentally ill. â€Å"Did you know that† here are a few facts about homelessness: 1. The typical homeless person in America is a child. 2. Children and families make up the fastest growing segment of the homeless population. 3. There are 6,000 families living in the New York City shelter system. Ten times that number are one step away from homelessness. 4. Over half of all homeless children have never lived in their own home. Over forty percent have been homeless more than once. 5. Over one-third of homeless families have an open case for child abuse or neglect; one out of five have lost at least one child to foster care. 6. Nearly half of homeless children either have witnessed or have been subjected to violence in their home. 7. The typical homeless family is a single, 20-year-old mother with two children under the age of six. Now think about the facts and put yourself in this situation, the typical homeless family consists of an unmarried 20-year-old mother with one or two children under the age of 6, probably fathered by different men. It is found common that this young mother never completed high school and never worked to support her family. There is a one in five chance that she was in foster care as a child; if so, she ... Free Essays on Homelessness Free Essays on Homelessness When many people think of homelessness they think that the homeless are a group of crazy bums, drunks and people that are too lazy to work, as did one of our presidents Ronald Reagan. Yet if we think about it, not all homeless people fall into these categories. There are many reasons people become homeless. People become homeless due to job loss, generally without hope for future employment, inability to recover from low paying jobs, natural disasters and/or illness. Other reasons people become homeless are of mental illness, drug and alcohol addiction. Even though one-third of the homeless population is mentally ill, and this is a great number, it doesn’t mean that all homeless are mentally ill. â€Å"Did you know that† here are a few facts about homelessness: 1. The typical homeless person in America is a child. 2. Children and families make up the fastest growing segment of the homeless population. 3. There are 6,000 families living in the New York City shelter system. Ten times that number are one step away from homelessness. 4. Over half of all homeless children have never lived in their own home. Over forty percent have been homeless more than once. 5. Over one-third of homeless families have an open case for child abuse or neglect; one out of five have lost at least one child to foster care. 6. Nearly half of homeless children either have witnessed or have been subjected to violence in their home. 7. The typical homeless family is a single, 20-year-old mother with two children under the age of six. Now think about the facts and put yourself in this situation, the typical homeless family consists of an unmarried 20-year-old mother with one or two children under the age of 6, probably fathered by different men. It is found common that this young mother never completed high school and never worked to support her family. There is a one in five chance that she was in foster care as a child; if so, she ... Free Essays on Homelessness â€Å"Over the past year, over two million men, women, and children were homeless† in America. (NLCHP) Homeless people face an intense struggle just to stay alive despite the fact that society turns its head from the problem. The government makes laws that discriminate against homeless people, which make it, illegal for them to survive. The mistreatment of homeless people is an issue that is often ignored in our community (Homelessness in America). When you see a homeless person on the streets how do you react? Do you turn your head and ignore them? Do you become angry that they are living on the streets? Do you feel frightened and avoid the situation all together? Or do you see these people as human beings and treat them in that way? Homeless people are â€Å"subjected to alienation and discrimination by mainstream society†. (NLCHP) Most alienation and discrimination comes from the lack of education about homeless people. There are numerous untrue myths about homeless people. Many people believe that homeless people â€Å"commit more violent crimes than housed people.† (NLCHP) The reality is that homeless people actually commit less violent crimes than people with homes do. Brestow Hardin, of Home less in America, studied arrest records and discovered that even though homeless people were more likely to commit non-violent and non-destructive crimes, they were less likely to commit violent crimes against people. (Homelessness in America) The crimes that these people are committing are necessary to keep them alive. These crimes include sleeping, eating, and panhandling. Making it illegal to perform necessary daily activities in public when homeless people have no where else to go makes it impossible for homeless people to avoid violating the law. (NLCHP) Another myth about homeless people is that they do not work and that they get their money from public assistance programs. A study done in Chicago discovered that â€Å"39% of homeless peopl... Free Essays on Homelessness The need for emergency shelters has shown a dramatic incline in the past years. The demand for emergency shelters has rose 500% since 1988 (â€Å"Not Gone, but Forgotten?† 1). Many of people every night are stranded outside with not even a blanket for the night because all the shelters are full and sometimes the shelters will not except certain people. In some places, the waiting list to get board on a full time shelter will range from 18 to 20 months for families. The need for emergency shelters has been high do to the amount of the loss in volunteer work as well. The shelter availability in larger cities for shelter has become unreal. In Minnesota’s the nightly shelter population quadrupled between 1985 and 1997 (â€Å"Not Gone, but Forgotten?† 1). San Francisco’s Coalition for the homeless estimates that 16,000 people are there each night without a shelter, twice as many as 10 years ago (â€Å"Not Gone, but Forgotten?† 1). The homeless population continues to grow rapidly and the shelters are not growing fast enough to help keep them off the streets. Because of the extreme growth of the homeless it may be hard to provide shelter in larger cities. Housing expenses have rose so high in the 1990’s that it is hard for an average person to make house payments now. About half of the nation’s poorest households spend 70% or more of their monthly income on housing (Wright 2). In the median state a minimum-wage worker would need to work 87 hours a week to afford a two bedroom apartment at 30% of his or her income (â€Å"Why are People Homeless?† 2). In the last 10 years housing prices have almost doubled in there value in most smaller homes. Many people can not aford their homes anymore due to the increase in housing expenses. The employment field is becoming very competitive and it is becoming difficult for the homeless to find jobs. A survey in California determined that 56% of businesses require a home addres s and telephone number befo...

Free Essays on Haunting America

â€Å"Reading is not simple a matter of hanging back and waiting for a piece, or its author, to tell you what the writing has to say. In fact, one of the difficult things about reading is that the pages before you will begin to speak only when the authors are silent and you begin to speak in their place, sometimes for them-doing their work, continuing their projects-and sometimes for yourself, following your own agenda.† I believe that one of the main goals of reading a work of writing for a reader, would have to be comprehension. Think about reading something, with the sole purpose of not being able to understand it. You’d be wasting your time reading it. So why is it, that essays, stories, and all other writings seem so hard to comprehend these days? I doubt its some sick ploy by writers to make papers impossible to understand. To make reading all for not. My opinion is that people don’t, without any better phrase, â€Å"know how to read.† And the exploration essay I will present for you today will explain why my opinion is as such. I’m going to break down the excerpt I have chosen. in hopes of explaining it. Its complication proves why reading comprehension in itself is so complicated. Throughout my life, I’ve learned how I shouldn’t read. Always being told, â€Å"You can just skip the preface.† When the preface would help me understand what I am about to read. So why should I skip it? Because it takes time? Isn’t reading supposed to take time? I’ve been taught that I could just skim through essays, rather than read the whole thing. How can I fully understand something, if I don’t read the whole thing? Once again, teaching me short cuts. So, to fully be able to comprehend things I read, I feel that I need to teach myself to read again. This is where the excerpt comes in. Think back to when you were a child. All the book... Free Essays on Haunting America Free Essays on Haunting America â€Å"Reading is not simple a matter of hanging back and waiting for a piece, or its author, to tell you what the writing has to say. In fact, one of the difficult things about reading is that the pages before you will begin to speak only when the authors are silent and you begin to speak in their place, sometimes for them-doing their work, continuing their projects-and sometimes for yourself, following your own agenda.† I believe that one of the main goals of reading a work of writing for a reader, would have to be comprehension. Think about reading something, with the sole purpose of not being able to understand it. You’d be wasting your time reading it. So why is it, that essays, stories, and all other writings seem so hard to comprehend these days? I doubt its some sick ploy by writers to make papers impossible to understand. To make reading all for not. My opinion is that people don’t, without any better phrase, â€Å"know how to read.† And the exploration essay I will present for you today will explain why my opinion is as such. I’m going to break down the excerpt I have chosen. in hopes of explaining it. Its complication proves why reading comprehension in itself is so complicated. Throughout my life, I’ve learned how I shouldn’t read. Always being told, â€Å"You can just skip the preface.† When the preface would help me understand what I am about to read. So why should I skip it? Because it takes time? Isn’t reading supposed to take time? I’ve been taught that I could just skim through essays, rather than read the whole thing. How can I fully understand something, if I don’t read the whole thing? Once again, teaching me short cuts. So, to fully be able to comprehend things I read, I feel that I need to teach myself to read again. This is where the excerpt comes in. Think back to when you were a child. All the book...

Catalysis Definition in Chemistry

Catalysis Definition in Chemistry Catalysis is defined as increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by introducing a catalyst. A catalyst, in turn, is a substance that is not consumed by the chemical reaction, but acts to lower its activation energy. In other words, a catalyst is both a reactant and product of a chemical reaction. Typically, only a very small quantity of catalyst is required in order to catalyze a reaction. The SI unit for catalysis is the katal. This is a derived unit which is moles per second. When enzymes catalyze a reaction, the preferred unit is the enzyme unit. The effectiveness of a catalyst may be expressed using the turnover number (TON) or turnover frequency (TOF), which is TON per unit time. Catalysis is a vital process in the chemical industry. It is estimated that 90% of commercially-produced chemicals are synthesized via catalytic process. Sometimes the term catalysis is used to refer to a reaction in which a substance is consumed (e.g., base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis). According to the IUPAC, this is an incorrect usage of the term. In this situation, the substance added to the reaction should be called an activator rather than a catalyst. Key Takeaways: What Is Catalysis? Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst to it.The catalyst is both a reactant and product in the reaction, so it is not consumed.Catalysis works by lowing the activation energy of the reaction, making it more thermodynamically favorable.Catalysis is important! About 90% of commercial chemicals are prepared using catalysts. How Catalysis Works A catalyst offers a different transition state for a chemical reaction, with a lower activation energy. Collisions between reactant molecules are more likely to achieve the energy required to form products than without the presence of the catalyst. In some cases, one effect of catalysis is to lower the temperature at which a reaction will process. Catalysis does not change chemical equilibrium because it affects both the forward and reverse rate of reaction. It does not change the equilibrium constant. Similarly, the theoretical yield of a reaction is not affected. Examples of Catalysts A wide variety of chemicals may be used as catalysts. For chemical reactions that involve water, such as hydrolysis and dehydration, the proton acids are commonly used. Solids used as catalysts include zeolites, alumina, graphitic carbon, and nanoparticles. Transition metals (e.g., nickel) are most often used to catalyze redox reactions. Organic synthesis reactions may be catalyzed using noble metals or late transition metals, such as platinum, gold, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, or rhodium. Types of Catalysts The two main categories of catalysts are heterogeneous catalysts and homogeneous catalysts. Enzymes or biocatalysts may be viewed as a separate group or as belonging to one of the two main groups. Heterogeneous catalysts are those which exist in a different phase from the reaction being catalyzed. For example, solid catalysts the catalyze a reaction in a mixture of liquids and/or gases are heterogeneous catalysts. Surface area is critical to the functioning of this type of catalyst. Homogeneous catalysts exist in the same phase as the reactants in the chemical reaction. Organometallic catalysts are one type of homogeneous catalyst. Enzymes are protein-based catalysts. They are one type of biocatalyst. Soluble enzymes are homogeneous catalysts, while membrane-bound enzymes are heterogeneous catalysts. Biocatalysis is used for commercial synthesis of acrylamide and high-fructose corn syrup. Related Terms Precatalysts are substances that convert to become catalysts during a chemical reaction. There may be an induction period while the precatalysts are activated to become catalysts. Co-catalysts and promoters are names given to chemical species that aid catalytic activity. When these substances are used, the process is termed cooperative catalysis. Sources IUPAC (1997). Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd ed.) (the Gold Book). doi:10.1351/goldbook.C00876Knà ¶zinger, Helmut and Kochloefl, Karl (2002). Heterogeneous Catalysis and Solid Catalysts in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_313Laidler, K.J. and Meiser, J.H. (1982). Physical Chemistry. Benjamin/Cummings. ISBN 0-618-12341-5.Masel, Richard I. (2001). Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis. Wiley-Interscience, New York. ISBN 0-471-24197-0.Matthiesen J, Wendt S, Hansen JØ, Madsen GK, Lira E, Galliker P, Vestergaard EK, Schaub R, Laegsgaard E, Hammer B, Besenbacher F (2009). Observation of All the Intermediate Steps of a Chemical Reaction on an Oxide Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.. ACS Nano. 3 (3): 517–26.  doi:10.1021/nn8008245

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Management Accounting - Essay Example This affects the costs and consequently affects the profits. Therefore, the company should use ABC costing method in order to obtain the correct overhead costs for products XYI, YZT and ABW. This is because ABC takes into account more than one cost driver into account. It is more accurate since it assigns costs to products and traces all activities and assigns them to products by using multiple cost drivers. ABC (activity based costing) is the costing method that is currently trending in the world. It has received credit for correcting deficiencies that existed in the traditional system. It is seen as the best costing method available for managers that operate various departments since they are able to assign costs to their products more accurately. However, ABC has received a lot of criticism due to its failures experienced in large operations. Managers of these large firms have termed it difficult to implement and maintain. Activity based costing does not offer the managers with accurate and timely information for decision-making. Activity based cost systems that are used in large-operational firms have proved to provide managers with out-of-date and inaccurate information. This is due to the huge amount of data to be collected. In addition, there is delay in the data to be collected. For instance, in a larger firm, it will require about 110 departments to submit their reports periodically. This makes the process time-consuming since it will take time for the system to calculate the costs for its numerous activities. The time-consuming process has resulted to the companies doing away with the ABC or ceasing to update their systems. This leads to out-of-date and inaccurate information provided to the managers by the ABC systems (Kaplan and Anderson, 2014). Universally, ABC has received resistance. This is evidenced by the annual survey carried out that ranked ABC position 2 after median. This has led to some companies abandoning ABC or failing to adopt